I use Alpine Linux so yeah, I am using something by Linux

It’s not ideal but I don’t have the time to find alternatives for everything all at once, just one thing at a time which is the pace I am going. I’ll deal with it when the time comes but it’s in the back of my mind

I don’t expect perfection out of anyone. I would not make friends if I held them to such high standards or expectations. Everyone learns, adapts and grows at their own pace and I would do better to support them along the way through their journey

Myself and the people around me are doing our best in this situation we are in with the tools that are currently available to us

I don’t believe trying to reduce the complex human experience to 100% right or 100% wrong will lead to any useful discussion when there’s so much in the middle we could be discussing

That’s true, it CertBot seems to be quite mature

It was a bit overwhelming for me when I first started into self hosting, there were a lot of concepts that I had to wrap my head around first before I could look into using CertBot itself

Awesome, thanks so much, this is a big head start for me

I have a good idea how I want to organize things now

I definitely expect this path to be a bit of a challenge

I was looking at lighttpd as well. That was the only one on the list that sounded familiar to me. I may check it out and see if it can fit me needs. I do run a very minimal setup so I might just be enough.

I also make use of Caddy’s built in file server to serve static pages so this is good to know about HAProxy

Thank you, I’ll have a look at lego-acme, it looks interestingly. I prefer to use cron so this is could be something I would consider using.

This is great, thank you for taking the time for this write up :) The provided scripts are a huge help to me

So far my only question I have is about the directories you use. I was wondering if you could provide the directories you use or even just an example so I could better understand the file tree. I’m very particular with my files and have a whole system dedicated to maintaining neat and organized files

I agree about not using /etc for server related stuff. I keep all my server/container related stuff in /srv so it’s easier for me to manage

I’ve used NPM before and it is quite simple and easy to use, however I do have a preference for CLI tools

Impossible? There are people who still write code by hand. There are people who oppose AI, some more actively (or destructively) than others.

Harder to avoid seems like a more reasonable take.

However I am coping, by actively seeking, talking about and supporting alternatives with the hope of spreading that knowledge to those who would like to avoid the use of AI or enable those who support AI.

Human creativity has a much longer and far more interesting history when compared to AI or machine learning. AI hasn’t always existed and does not need to have complete influence over our future.

I personally feel like taking money from an AI sponsor is enabling behaviour. From that perspective, I do not want to support that type of behaviour.

I don’t think you are in the wrong here. You clearly stated your wants and so many replies here have simply ignored what you have said. The response to your post has been strange

How would trace the echo reply in the output chain? I tried adding meta nftrace set 1 directly to the ICMPv4 rule as well as making a chain postrouting rule but I can’t seem to figure it out.

The default policy for output is accept so I’m assuming I don’t need to explicitly add ICMPv4 rules to the output chain. As a test I did add the ICMPv4 rules to the output chain and I still have the same results as before.

I can confirm that the server is receiving the ping requests but my computer sending the pings loses the ping packets.

Aah you did mention that, my eyes just decided to skip that when I read your post.

This reminds me of another issue I ran into but I use Alpine Linux so I don’t know if it’s a distribution specific issue. I’ll share the issue and workaround solution anyways as something to consider.

Networking on Alpine Linux is controlled by a process called networking and for reasons I don’t understand and can’t see by any logs, it just stops working. I can’t ssh or access the reverse proxy port. I don’t remember if ping was working or not as it’s been a while since I dealt with it now.

My work around was to have a script on my server ping a known location and restart networking if it couldn’t ping out. If a second ping after restarting the process failed, it would then restart the device. This script would run every 15 minutes.

It’s a bandage solution that doesn’t solve the problem but it does keep my server running. However it seems like pings still work with your server so you might need to get creative in how you test your server’s connectivity.

It sounds to me like ssdh may have stopped working. That may explain why you can’t ssh into your server but pings still respond. I have a Raspberry Pi4 and a Pi5 and have had similar issues in the past.

I would probably approach this issue by writing a small script that checks every so often if the process sshd is still alive and if not restart sshd. Maybe SystemD can so something similar but I am not familiar with SystemD.

Edit: A quick and simple script looks like this

#!/bin/sh

# Check if `sshd` process is running; If not running, `pgrep` returns
# an exit status of '1' and restarts `sshd`
pgrep 'sshd' > /dev/null || systemctl restart sshd

Make the script executable with chmod +x /home/user_name/sshd_check

Add the following line to /etc/crontabs/root to run the script every 15 minutes

 */15    *       *       *       *       /home/user_name/sshd-check

I don’t use SystemD but I am pretty sure systemctl restart sshd is correct, otherwise it can be changed to whatever your operating system uses to control services

I didn’t think to try ping6. It looks like I can reliably get responses from ping6 but not ping4

The server can ping other devices on the same network just fine

Also, I’m glad you mentioned syslog. I couldn’t figure out logging and it turns out I had to add the syslog package to my server to get logging working

I tried what you said. I sent a ping from my computer to the server and this was the output of nft monitor trace:

trace id 1d01c81e ip ping_trace prerouting packet: iif "eth0" ether saddr b0:7d:64:e8:8f:3c ether daddr d8:3a:dd:de:28:99 ip saddr 192.168.40.201 ip daddr 192.168.40.203 ip dscp cs0 ip ecn not-ect ip ttl 64 ip id 65074 ip length 84 icmp type echo-request icmp code 0 icmp id 35586 icmp sequence 0 
trace id 1d01c81e ip ping_trace prerouting rule icmp type { echo-reply, echo-request } meta nftrace set 1 (verdict continue)
trace id 1d01c81e ip ping_trace prerouting policy accept 
trace id 1d01c81e inet filter input conntrack: ct direction original ct state new ct id 271120081 
trace id 1d01c81e inet filter input packet: iif "eth0" ether saddr b0:7d:64:e8:8f:3c ether daddr d8:3a:dd:de:28:99 ip saddr 192.168.40.201 ip daddr 192.168.40.203 ip dscp cs0 ip ecn not-ect ip ttl 64 ip id 65074 ip protocol icmp ip length 84 icmp type echo-request icmp code 0 icmp id 35586 icmp sequence 0 
trace id 1d01c81e inet filter input rule ip protocol icmp icmp type { echo-reply, destination-unreachable, echo-request, time-exceeded, parameter-problem } accept comment "Accept ICMP" (verdict accept)

I sort of get what’s happening and it looks like the ping request has been accepted.

From my computer when I send a ping it shows:

15:55 dell:/tmp/ $ ping -c1 192.168.40.203
PING 192.168.40.203 (192.168.40.203): 56 data bytes

--- 192.168.40.203 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss

So even though it’s being accepted, I still get nothing going back to my computer, at least that’s how I understand it.

I tried your suggested rules and still nothing

I went a step further and simply enabled all incoming connections with:

table inet filter {
	chain input {
		type filter hook input priority 0; policy allow;
	}
}

Again I can connect with SSH and WireGuard but I still can’t ping my server. If I restore to my last backup with iptables, I can get a response from ping again.

I also tried directly translating the rules from iptables with:

iptables-save > /tmp/iptables.dump
iptables-restore-translate -f /tmp/iptables.dump > nftables.dump

and adding the rules:

#!/usr/sbin/nft -f

define WIREGUARD_PORT = 51820
define WIREGUARD_ADDRESS = 10.0.0.0/24
define SSH_PORT = 5025
define SSH_ADDRESSES = { $WIREGUARD_ADDRESS . $SSH_PORT, 192.168.40.204 . $SSH_PORT }
define PUBLIC_PORTS = { 5050 }

table inet filter {
        chain input {
                udp dport $WIREGUARD_PORT accept \
                comment "Accept WireGuard connections"

                ip saddr . tcp dport $SSH_ADDRESSES accept \
                comment "Accept SSH connections from known devices or WireGuard"

                tcp dport $PUBLIC_PORTS accept \
                comment "Accept public connections"

                icmp type echo-request limit rate 5/second burst 10 packets counter accept
                icmp type echo-request limit rate 30/minute burst 120 packets counter accept
                icmp type echo-request limit rate 1/minute burst 2 packets counter log prefix " PING-PONG-FLOOD "
                icmp type echo-request counter drop

                icmp type destination-unreachable counter accept
                icmp type time-exceeded counter accept
                icmp type parameter-problem counter accept
                icmp type echo-request counter accept
        }
        chain forward {
                icmp type destination-unreachable counter accept
                icmp type time-exceeded counter accept
                icmp type parameter-problem counter accept
                icmp type echo-request counter accept
        }
}

and still no ping from my server…

I will agree, the documentation for nftables is just not as accessible or consistent as iptables. It’s a bit frustrating.

That’s fair

I have a very different view on data, physical property and familial relationships. Everything is temporary to me and I’ve prefer my stuff to be reused rather than act as an archive to my own life.

My pictures, music and technology related projects are just for myself. Anything I wish to share after my death is stored on an unencrypted drive connected to a Raspberry Pi that acts as my web facing server that serves only static data. It’s mainly a bunch of wikis, linux/shell scripting references, some of my git repositories, some survival type ebooks and some other random stuff.

I’ve lost data multiple times throughout my life so I know I’d be disappointed but not sad if I lost all my data one more time. I do have multiple backups now so I at least have some data resilience compared to the past.